Armenia-Azerbaijan, Nagorno Karabakh Conflict

[ABO]

NAGORNO KARABAKH CONFLICT

The Armenia's claims on Azerbaijani lands, as well as the Upper Karabakh formed pars of its strategy of the establishment of the Great Armenia. Therefore, Armenia always tried to make use of favorable conditions to achieve their goals. When pro-Armenian M.S.Gorbachyov was elected the head of USSR in 1985, Armenians intensified their activity again.

The support and protection of the Soviet government to armed Armenian separatists was coming to light during that period. In order to implement his mean plans connected with the autonomous province of Nagorno Karabakh, Mikhail Gorbachev distanced the most important obstacle - Heydar Aliyev - from the political bureau. After that Armenian academician A.Aganbekyan of Gorbachov's grouping, reported that he had made a proposal to the Soviet leadership concerning the Upper Karabakh and expressed hope that the problem will find its solution in the conditions of democracy and reconstruction.

Once underground Armenian Committee for Karabakh and its terrorist organization Krunk (Crane) in the Autonomous District of Upper Karabakh started operating openly and the movement Miatsum movement was formed at that time. This movement was backed by Armenia, Autonomous District of Upper Karabakh, Moscow leadership and the potential of USSR and world Armenians. The events acquired more aggressive form in 1988. The wave of meetings of separatists and Armenian nationalists captured Yerevan and Stepanakert in February.

The session of the council of Autonomous Upper Karabakh District appealed to the Supreme Council of Azerbaijan SSR for consideration of the status of the district February 20.

This fact testified that Armenians had changed their tactics from that of November 1945.

They managed to create an incorrect view of the world community on Upper Karabakh through intensive propaganda and strong Armenian Diaspora in foreign countries. Therefore, they started to hold propaganda openly.

The leadership of Azerbaijan and its community was unprepared for the new tactics of Armenian separatists and their supporters. The murder of two young Azerbaijanis, wounding of 19 people by Armenian separatists in Askeran February 20, resulted in the preparation of policy against the plans of Armenians. In late February the special service bodies and organs of State Security of SSSR committed a tragedy in the big industrial city of Azerbaijan-Sumgayit.

The causes of Sumgayit tragedy soon came to light. That step targeted Azerbaijanis living in Armenian and was used to part Upper Karabakh from the Soviet Azerbaijan. "4 residents of Mehmandar village of Azerbaijan south to Yerevan were killed on March 10. Over 100 houses were destroyed and residents were evicted from the Azerbaijani villages of Ararat region on March 25. In mid March Armenians again attacked Azerbaijani villages near YerevanтАж.". The barbarism of Armenians against Azerbaijanis rose again.

In period of excavation of Armenian separatists' barbarism the indifference of the Communist party of Soviet Union to the real assessment of the state of the Central Committee and Soviet leadership also became evident. The resolution "On measures for intensification of socioeconomic development of the Autonomous Province of Upper Karabakh of the Azerbaijan SSR in 1988-1995" was a bid to cover up the separatist nature of the issue. This step inspirited Armenian separatists and even increased their aggression.

The leadership of Azerbaijan, beginning with A.Vezirov, submissive to Moscow, stood on the position of compromises to betrayers and aggressors of its people. Finally, Moscow undertook one more step to part the Autonomous Province of Upper Karabakh from the Azerbaijan SSR: the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Council approved a resolution "On special form of government in the Autonomous Province of Upper Karabakh" on January 12, 1989.

The aim was obvious: The Special Governing Committee, established in the Autonomous Upper Karabakh Province was to provide for the delivery of Upper Karabakh to Armenia. However, as a result of a democratic struggle of Azerbaijani people aware of that, the Special Governing Committee was abolished on November 28. Yet the structure was replaced by a new one-the Organizational Committee. Armenia, making use of it, carried out an anti-constitutional decision on annexation of Upper Karabakh to Armenia on December 1.

That was the open violation of the territorial integrity of the Soviet Azerbaijan. As expected, Moscow shut its eyes to the fact of this violent intervention, thus deteriorating the situation. The leadership of USSR, led by Gorbachov, undertook one more cruel step against Azerbaijan. Baku was chosen the main target. The Soviet Union violating the constitutional responsibilities before the people, bringing large troops, armed with up-date techniques and guns, committed bloodshed in Baku on the night of January 20, 1990.

Armenian soldiers and militants also took an active part in committing the Baku tragedy. However, the tragedy of January 20 could not undermine the control of Azerbaijan it even strengthened the struggle of the people for the independence and territorial integrity. The next day Heydar Aliyev came to the Azerbaijan's representation in Moscow, exposed the criminal actions of Soviet leadership and expressed his support for the justice Salvation struggle of Azerbaijani people. The Supreme Council of the Soviet Azerbaijan declared the restoration of the state independence on August 30, 1991 and approved the Constitutional act on the national independence on October 18.

Armenian separatists of Upper Karabakh took advantage of the situation and continued creating political structures. They declared the establishment of a puppet body named The Upper Karabakh Republic in September of 1991. The Azerbaijan Republic did not accept this structure and the status of the Autonomous Province of Upper Karabakh was abolished on November 26.

The collapse of USSR in late 1991 was followed by the change in the geopolitical situation on post-Soviet area. Armenian in fact declared an open and unfair war against Azerbaijan. Armenian military troops, violating the borders of Azerbaijan, entered Karabakh and conjointly with Armenian separatists of Upper Karabakh occupied Azeri lands.

Stilll now 20 percent of territory of the Azerbaijan Republic is under occupation by the Armenian aggressors. Now over 1 million refugees remained without the shelter and are compelled to live in adverse conditions. Resolutions concerning a conclusion of the Armenian armies from occupied territories are accepted, but they are not executed till now. The world community is still silent.


IT'S TIME TO STOP THIS VANDALISM AND TO PUNISH ALL GULITIES

[ABO]

In the nearest future I will add other photos and informations about this conflict

[ABO]

There is a need to show these photos, so people know what brutalities have been made by aggressors...

But anything, if it is interesting to somebody to see these brutalities made against humanity can follow by these links >>> http://azerbaijan.az/_Karabakh/_Arme...ression_e.html and http://www.khojaly.net/photo.html

[BSbursche]

There is a need to show these photos, so people know what brutalities have been made by aggressors...

There's no need to show these pictures in this forum. There are other sites where you can do it.
It's possible to discuss topics like this without showing cruel pics.

[Mongol-Boy]

There's no need to show these pictures in this forum. There are other sites where you can do it.
It's possible to discuss topics like this without showing cruel pics.

aww come on! Me wants to see!

[fig]

aww come on! Me wants to see!

http://images.google.com.tr/images?h...örsellerde+Ara

[BSbursche]

aww come on! Me wants to see!

I don't care.

[Mongol-Boy]

http://images.google.com.tr/images?h...örsellerde+Ara

ew that's like nasty.

I don't care.

bitch!

[coolverstukas]

Armenians of the Mountainous Karabakh could have had justified hopes for their home to become a part of Armenia, if all sides would have been interested in a peaceful solution in the interests of the majority of people, imo. Armenians and their culture had both dominated in the region and fought for it throughout many centuries. They were quite close to winning it.

"Perfect" plans of Stalin here, too?

The Soviet Union also had far-reaching plans concerning Turkey, hoping that it would, with a little help from them, develop along Communist lines. Needing to placate Turkey, the Soviet Union agreed to a division under which Zangezur would fall under the control of Armenia, while Karabakh and Nakhchivan would be under the control of Azerbaijan. Had Turkey not been an issue, Stalin would likely have left Karabakh under Armenian control.[52] As a result, the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast was established within the Azerbaijan SSR on July 7, 1923.

Then the KGB and old useless scared communist farts also had those divide et impera principles of all the imperialists and the mighty Stalin. They never cared of random little people. They were intimidating and threatening every republic aka nation who wanted independence that the "non-nationalistic" people of the non-titular nationalities would be lifted up to fight against the titular nationality, and all the old, left behind, but unsolved historical conflicts may be revived [will be revived by the KGB, army generals and anyone, most concerned in keeping the USSR intact and themselves in power].

So hell will ever know, who exactly is to blame for all the killings that happened in some places. A slaughter and a war starts from a little (easy to inflame) skirmish.

Now, look at the somewhat different text than that the Azeri member started the thread with:

On February 22, 1988, the first direct confrontation of the conflict occurred as a large group of Azeris marched from Agdam against the Armenian populated town of Askeran, "wreaking destruction en route." The confrontation between the Azeris and the police near Askeran degenerated into the Askeran clash, which left two Azeris dead, one of them reportedly killed by an Azeri police officer, as well as 50 Armenian villagers, and an unknown number of Azerbaijanis and police, injured. Large numbers of refugees left Armenia and Azerbaijan as violence began against the minority populations of the respective countries. In the fall of 1989, intensified inter-ethnic conflict in and around Nagorno-Karabakh led the Soviet Union to grant Azerbaijani authorities greater leeway in controlling the region. On November 29, 1989 direct rule in Nagorno-Karabakh was ended and the region was returned to Azerbaijani administration. The Soviet policy backfired, however, when a joint session of the Armenian Supreme Soviet and the National Council, the legislative body of Nagorno-Karabakh, proclaimed the unification of Nagorno-Karabakh with Armenia.

On December 10, 1991 in a referendum boycotted by local Azeris, Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh approved the creation of an independent state. A Soviet proposal for enhanced autonomy for Nagorno-Karabakh within Azerbaijan satisfied neither side, and a full-scale war subsequently erupted between Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh, the latter receiving support from Armenia.

The struggle over Nagorno-Karabakh escalated after both Armenia and Azerbaijan attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. In the post-Soviet power vacuum, military action between Azerbaijan and Armenia was heavily influenced by the Russian military. Furthermore, both the Armenian and Azerbajani military employed a large number of mercenaries from Ukraine and Russia. As many as one thousand Afghan mujahideen participated in the fighting on Azerbaijan's side. There were also fighters from Chechnya fighting on the side of Azerbaijan. Many survivors from Azerbaijani side found shelters in 12 emergency camps set up in other parts of Azerbaijan to cope with the growing number of internally displaced people due to Nagorno-Karabakh war.
The final borders of the conflict after the 1994 ceasefire were signed. Armenian forces of Nagorno-Karabakh currently control almost 9% of Azerbaijan's territory outside the former Nagorno Karabakh Autonomous Oblast. And Azerbaijani forces control Shahumian and the eastern parts of Martakert and Martuni.

By the end of 1993, the conflict had caused thousands of casualties and created hundreds of thousands of refugees on both sides. By May 1994, the Armenians were in control of 14% of the territory of Azerbaijan. At that stage, the Azerbaijani government for the first time during the conflict recognised Nagorno-Karabakh as a third party in the war, and started direct negotiations with the Karabakh authorities. As a result, an unofficial cease-fire was reached on May 12, 1994 through Russian negotiation.

Despite the ceasefire, fatalities due to armed conflicts between Armenian and Azerbaijani soldiers continued. As of August, 2008, the United States, France, and Russia (the co-chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group) are attempting to negotiate a full settlement of the conflict, proposing a referendum on the status of the area, which culminated in Ilham Aliyev and Serzh Sarkisian travelling to Moscow for talks with Dmitry Medvedev on 2 November 2008. The talks ended in the three Presidents signing an agreement which will see talks on a political settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh problem taking place.

[ABO]

There's no need to show these pictures in this forum. There are other sites where you can do it.
It's possible to discuss topics like this without showing cruel pics.

The political thread also exists for these kind of Discussions...

[BSbursche]

The political thread also exists for these kind of Discussions...

Indeed. Feel free to discuss it – with words, not with photos.

[Urartu]

@ Azerifan
You have no idea who you're messing with here.You will regret the B.S. you wrote in this thread's introduction part so much

[Urartu]

A Conflict of Civilizations


The roots of the war in Nagorno Karabakh are embedded in a fundamental conflict of civilizations. The ancient Armenian homeland has been a strategically important battlefield of competing civilizations since the dawn of history. In the 4th century Armenia decisively cast its lot with the Christian faith. As a result, Armenia subsequently became linked to the Greco-Roman world. Yet, while cherishing its cultural and spiritual lifeline to the west, the country strove to retain autonomous Armenian political and religious institutions. For centuries thereafter Armenia was caught in the middle of an often bloody tug-of-war between the Greek Byzantine Empire and Zoroastrian Persia. In the 7th century the Arab Empire of the Abbasid dynasty brought Armenians their first exposure to Islamic domination. But since the conquest of Transcaucasia and Anatolia by the Seljuk Turks in the 11th century, the main theme of Armenian history has been the struggle for survival against the encroachment of Turkic power.

[Urartu]

Turkification

The Turkic domination of Anatolia and Transcaucasia, first by the Seljuk and then by the Ottoman Empire, has resulted in the Turkification and Islamization of most of the region. This process of ethnic and religious cleansing has virtually extinguished the historic non-Turkic Christian population of Anatolia. When the Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantines at the decisive battle of Manzikert in 1071 A.D. the population of western and central Anatolia was overwhelmingly Greek, while the Armenians and Aramaic-speaking Syrian Orthodox were predominant in the East. By the 15th century the gradual process of Turkification and Islamization had produced a Turkic majority. Since the expulsion of 1.25 million Greek Orthodox Christians between 1923 and 1930, which marked the last major phase of the virtual 'cleansing' of the Christian population from Turkey, only numerically insignificant communities of Greeks, Armenians and Syrian Orthodox have remained there. The Muslim Kurds, against whom the Turkish state is now waging war in southeastern Anatolia, currently stands alone as Turkey's sole surviving numerically significant ethnic minority.

Turkic civilization is based largely on a synthesis of the Turks' nomadic heritage and their Islamic faith. While Islam is ostensibly a supra-national faith, it served as an effective vehicle for Turkish national interests. The Turks have drawn liberally from both their nomadic traditions and Islam as they pursued their national and imperial aspirations.



Holy War

Both the Seljuk and the Ottoman dynasties understood themselves as 'soldiers of Islam' and their mission as the establishment of a world Islamic empire. For the Seljuk and Ottoman Turks, the conquest of Anatolia and Transcaucasia was Holy War - or ghaza in Turkish. The Turkish historian Dr. Halil Inalcik has underlined the central position this Islamic institution played in the culture of the Turkic invaders:



"This culture was dominated by the Islamic conception of Holy War or ghaza. By God's command the ghaza had to be fought against the infidels' dominions, dar al-harb (the abode of war), ceaselessly and relentlessly until they submitted. According to the Shari'a the property of the infidels, captured in these raids, could be kept as booty, their country could be destroyed, and the population taken into captivity or killed. The actions of the ghazis (Turkic holy warriors - ed.) were regulated by the Shari 'a to which they paid heed." (Inalcik, Halil, 'The Emergence of the Ottomans", in Holt, p. 263.)


The holy wars of the Turks in Anatolia and Transcaucasia were followed by the mass immigration of Turkic nomads from the East.

[Urartu]

Herdsman and Herd

The ancient nomadic traditions shaped the political instincts of the Turkic tribes and determined, perhaps subliminally, the pattern for imperial administration. Toynbee and Kirkwood observed that the relationship between the rulers and the ruled of the Turkic empires was strikingly similar to the relationship between the nomadic herdsman, the watch-dog and the herd:



"The nomad's energies are suddenly diverted from herding cattle to governing an empire; and, like all human beings, he sets out to solve the new problem with which he is confronted by applying to it his own particular experience of the past. He thinks of himself as still a herdsman, though no longer of animals but of men, and, in order to keep these 'human cattle' (a less docile herd than sheep and cows) under control, he selects and trains 'human watch-dogs' to help him and takes greater pains over their breeding and education than his ancestors took, on the steppes, in providing themselves with animal auxiliaries... In detail the method of nomadic empires has been to treat the majority of their sedentary subjects as 'human cattle' who are to be periodically milked and shorn and are to be kept in order by a ferocious repression at the first symptoms of insubordination, but are otherwise allowed to live their own lives in their own way; and to control these 'human cattle' through the agency of a small, select body of 'watch-dog' slaves recruited partly from prisoners-of-war, partly from the victims of professional slave-raiders and slave-dealers, and partly from children who are rounded-up periodically from the 'human herd' in order to be broken-in by their master, with no more compunction than a shepherd feels in separating the lamb from its mother or the calf from the cow." (Toynbee & Kirkwood, p. 19-21)


Borrowing from classical Islam, the Turks differentiated the members of the 'human herd' - to continue with Toynbee and Kirkwood's analogy - not on the basis of language or ethnic group, but on the basis of millet - i.e. religious community. Muslims, Jews, Greek Orthodox, Armenian Apostolic and all other recognized religious communities constituted separate millets. The millets formed the basic units of Ottoman local government. The Muslim millet was equivalent to the umma, the community of Islamic believers, and represented the supreme religious community, enjoying rights and privileges denied to the non-Muslim millets. Christians and Jews had a subordinate legal status as dhimmis, meaning protected persons in Arabic. The Turks, however, often used the word rayah - i.e. herd of cattle - rather than the somewhat more dignified expression, dhimmi.

The dhimmi, or rayah, doctrine of Islam is rooted in Muhammed's practice of forging pacts with conquered Jewish and Christian communities. These pacts enabled the conquered dhimmi communities to avoid extinction. The Islamic state would allow the dhimmis to practice their faith and to enjoy limited autonomous self-administration. In return the dhimmis were expected to offer political loyalty to the Islamic state, accept a second-class status in society and pay the jizya - a poll tax. Arab jurists subsequently developed elaborate regulations for the restriction and humiliation of Christians and Jews, which were then implemented in the Ottoman Empire.

In Ottoman Turkey Christians and Jews were strictly segregated from the Muslim community. They had to pay higher taxes and wear distinctive clothing. The ability of the non-Muslim communities to defend themselves from violence was impaired by the prohibition on the rayah from bearing arms. Their communities were periodically subjected to the Ottoman institution of devshirme - that is to say, the harvesting of the boys, whereby physically attractive and intelligent rayah boys were taken from their families, forced to convert to Islam and obliged to serve the Sultan as slaves in the military or administration. Legal disputes between Muslims and non-Muslims were normally settled in a religious court where non-Muslim testimony was forbidden. The Armenians suffered a special disadvantage, from which the other Christians of the empire were exempt. Armenians were required to provide free winter quarters to nomadic Kurds and their cattle during the winter season. Some individual rayah were permitted to acquire great wealth by serving the Ottoman state in banking and commerce. But the privileges of these few were not extended to their communities as a whole. The regulations imposed on the rayah were intended to render the Christian and Jewish communities incapable of posing a political threat and to make them serve the interests of the Ottoman state.